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Khuan Klang Formation

Khuan Klang Fm

Period:

Carboniferous

Age Interval:

Early Carboniferous (3)

Province:
Sibumasu: Lower Peninsula

Type Locality and Naming

This formation was established by Tansuwan et al. (1985) in the Geologic Map of Changwat Satun with its type section at Khuan Klang ca. 5 km west of Satun (DMR 1992). It occurs mainly in Satun Province but has also been recognized locally in Songkhla and Phatthalung provinces (Ueno & Charoentitirat, 2011).

Note: The Khuan Klang Formation was originally thought to be the lower part of the Kaeng Krachan Gr in the Satun area (Tansuwan et al. 1985), but the Geological Map of Thailand (DMR 1999) treats it as a distinct stratigraphic unit from the Kaeng Krachan Gr. Ueno & Charoentitirat (2011) followed this view in this paper because the supposed Pennsylvanian hiatus is signiﬁcant in separating the Khuan Klang Fm below as a distinct lithostratigraphic unit from that group above.

Synonym: หมวดหินควนกลาง; This formation was also misspelled as “Kuan Klang Formation” (Wongwanich and Boucot, 2011).

[Figure: Distribution of Carboniferous–Permian in lower Peninsular Thailand. Data mainly based on 1:1 million scale geological map of Thailand (DMR 1999) with minor modiﬁcations (KKG: Kaeng Krachan Group) (Ueno & Charoentitirat, 2011)].

Lithology and Thickness

Shale, reddish-brown and grey with bivalves, brachiopods and fragment of trilobite; interbedded sandstone, siltstone and chert beds. Thickness: 120 m

Lithology Pattern:

Claystone

Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

Pa Samed Fm of Early Devonian (conformable) (Ridd 2007), or Thong Pha Phum Gr (inferred)(conformable?).

Upper contact

It is overlain by grey mudstone probably belonging to the Kaeng Krachan Gr (unconformable). Regionally, the next younger (and coeval?) unit is the Yala Fm (confusing usage of both formation names).

Regional extent

Lower Peninsula; recognized locally in Songkhla and Phatthalung provinces

GeoJSON

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Fossils

Age

Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian-Visean) (Lexicon of Stratigraphic Names of Thailand, 2013); Mississippian by Ueno & Charoentitirat (2011). [For graphic purposes, placed here in lower Tournaisian, below the Yala Fm.]

Age Span:

Beginning stage:

Tournaisian

Fraction up in beginning stage:

0.0

Beginning date (Ma):

358.94

Ending stage:

Tournaisian

Fraction up in the ending stage:

0.5

Ending date (Ma):

352.84

Depositional setting

"suggests shallow-marine shelf deposition. Its lithology and fauna are unusual in the Carboniferous of the Sibumasu Block" (Ueno & Charoentitirat, 2011).

Depositional pattern:

Additional Information

Compiler:

Wen Du - modified from Katsumi Ueno & Thasinee Charoentitirat, 2011, Chapter 5 Carboniferous and Permian in: Ridd, M.F., Barber, A.J., and Grow, M.J., editors, The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc. of London. Lexicon of Stratigraphic Names of Thailand of 2013.